Let's keep referees |
Continuons avec des arbitres |
IntroductionIf you submit a telescope proposal for JCMT, CFHT, Gemini N or Gemini S, your proposal will be extracted from the appropriate black box and routed to one of two Canadian Panels (but not to both Panels). Within TAC, there are only two small Panels (the galactic Panel of and the extragalactic Panel), and each Panel has only half a dozen members. All telescope time proposals get ranked (via a grade thus 1=low and 6=excellent) by the appropriate Panel within TAC. The huge diversity of research fields can not be covered by the few members of each Panel. |
IntroductionLorsque vous soumettez une demande de temps pour un télescope (TCFH, TJCM, Gemini N ou Gemini S), votre demande est extraite de la boite noire appropriée et dirigée vers un des deux Panels canadiens (et non pas aux deux Panels). TAC est constitué de deux petits Panels (le Panel galactique et le Panel extragalactique), et chaque Panel est composé d'environ une demi-douzaine de membres. Toutes ces demandes de temps seront placées en rang (via un grade genre 1=faible et 6=excellent) par le Panel approprié du TAC. La grande diversité de champs de recherches ne peut pas être couverte par les quelques membres de chaque Panel. |
TAC ProcessAs read elsewhere [see Appendix], "the benefits of an open, competitive & scientific quality-based review process reach far beyond the observers immediately benefitting from approved proposals, since it produces the best possible scientific results, on which outside researchers build." Every other year, there is some interesting discussions at the meeting (with pros and cons) for the role of external referees in proposal evaluations. |
Processus TACComme on peut le lire ailleurs [voir Annexe], "les bénéfices d'un processus d'évaluation ouvert, compétitif et basé sur la qualité scientifique s'étendent au-delà des observateurs qui bénéficient d'une approbation de leurs demandes, parce que le processus produit les meilleurs résultats scientifiques que les autres chercheurs d'ailleurs peuvent utiliser." A presque tous les 2 ans, il y a des discussions intéressantes au CAT (avec les pros et cons) sur la participation d'arbitres externes dans le processus d'évaluation des demandes. |
A closed TAC (no expert external referees) 1) TAC should make it "easy" on its members and collaborators: 2) TAC should make it "tough" on referees:
3) TAC should not check outside: All remarks above point to some subjective issues for some people. Our suggested responses concern the proper choice of TAC members and an appropriate selection of referees. |
Un TAC fermé (pas d'arbitres externes experts) 1) TAC doit rendre la tâche "facile" à ses membres & collaborateurs: 2) TAC doit rendre la vie "difficile" aux arbitres: 3) TAC ne doit pas aller vérifier ailleurs: Toutes ces remarques penchent vers la subjectivité de certains individus. Nos suggestions de réponses concernent le bon choix des membres du TAC, et une bonne sélection des arbitres. |
An open TAC (with the use of expert external referees)
1) Protect young people, and those without a strong network: 2) Protect the integrity & ethics of the TAC process:
3) Protect the openness of the TAC process: |
Un TAC ouvert (avec l'aide d'arbitres experts externes) 1) Protéger les jeunes chercheurs, et ceux qui ne sont pas dans un réseau: 2) Protéger l'intégrité et l'éthique du processus TAC: 3) Protéger l'ouverture du processus TAC: |
Concluding discussionTAC must get the maximal amount of useful information on which to base its grades. To that end, objective referee reports are needed, given the smallness of TAC's pooled expertise. The referee reports are read by the appropriate Panel, and assessed as to their usefulness and impartiality; TAC does not accept them blindly. To smooth excesses, TAC is mindful of past behaviour of TAC members and referees, and TAC offers to PIs to blacklist referees that the applicants thinks is out to get them. About 3% of PIs takes this offer upon some justification.
The TAC follows the 3 major recommandations of the Boden report: Suggested reading: the Boden Report (analysed in Nature, 1991, vol.349, p.272; also in New Scientist, 1991 Jan.26, p.18). |
Discussion et conclusionTAC doit obtenir le maximum d'info utile pour baser ses grades. À cet effet, des rapports d'arbitres externes sont nécesaires pour combler la petitesse de l'expertise combinée des membres du TAC. Les rapports des arbitres sont lus par le Panel approprié, et évalué quant à leur importance et impartialité; TAC n'accepte pas "en aveugle" ces rapports externes. Pour diminuer les excès, TAC se rappelle des actions passées des membres du TAC et des arbitres, et TAC offre aux PIs de mettre de côté des arbitres que quelqu'un pense est méchant. Environ 3% des PIs utilisent cette offre, avec quelque justification.
Le TAC met en pratique les 3 recommendations majeures du Rapport Boden: Lecture suggérée: le Rapport Boden (analysé dans Nature, 1991, vol.349,p.272; aussi dans New Scientist, 1991 Jan.26, p.18). |
=== APPENDIX - SHORT EDITED EXTRACTS / ANNEXE - PETITS EXTRAITS EDITES === From: Redman, Russell Subject: CTAC [evaluations] [...] problems with referees pirating observing proposals and running them on other telescopes. I have never heard of this happening to a JCMT proposal, if only because the capabilities of the JCMT are nearly unique so there are very few places that a pirate could try to run a stolen JCMT proposal. Within CTAG, we have found external referees to be extremely valuable. It is impossible to have expertise on every subject within the committee, and merging the committees will mostly add depth on the topics we could already handle rather than covering specialized topics that very few people do. For example, nobody on CTAG is an expert on interstellar chemistry as an indicator of molecular cloud ages, and merging with CTAC will not help. There is also a philosophical issue here, in that committees that rely on internal refereeing will have greater temptations to become an "old-boys club" that favours their own fields to the exclusion of other subjects, to engage in horse-trading to promote particular projects on non-scientific grounds, or to be dominated by one or two forceful members. These have all been problems raised by people with experience on other time allocation committees. Even when these problems do not occur, the perception that they could - would - should be avoided. [External] referee reports from the wider community can be useful tool to discourage these practices. [...]
From: [...] Subject: CTAC evaluations [...] The benefits of an open, competitive and scientific quality-based review process reach far beyond the observers immediately benefitting from proposals, since it produces the best possible scientific results, on which outside researchers build. [...] You always have the relevant expertise in the room -- being careful to have assembled the relevant expertise in advance. And, by introducing an [outside] evaluation which is un-normalized relative to the entire group of proposals you read, this introduces arbitrariness to the evaluation process. [...] Moreover, every evaluation contains strengths and weaknesses -- and they can easily be misread by CTAC members in the room by over-focussing on a minor strength (or weakness), or by not noting the extremely great weight a strength (or weakness) holds in the mind of the (absent) reviewer. [...]
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Dr. Jacques P. Vallée |
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Dr. Jacques P. Vallée |
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Dr. Rachid Ouyed |
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Dr. Rachid Ouyed |